Rethinking host range in Pneumocystis

Rethinking host network stack architecture

As the gap between the speed of networks and processor cores increases, the software alone will not be able to handle all incoming data without additional assistance from the hardware. The network interface controllers (NICs) evolve and add supporting features which could help the system increase its scalability with respect to incoming packets, provide Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees and r...

Pneumocystis and interactions with host immune receptors

Introduction The majority of deaths from fungal infections occur in Africa. Pneumocystis is an unusual host-specific fungus that takes advantage of a weakened immune system and causes pneumonia in AIDS patients [1]. While Pneumocystis is thought to cause more than 200,000 AIDSrelated deaths annually, it also contributes to more than 50,000 non–AIDS-related deaths [2]. Recent epidemiological dat...

Vegetative compatibility, host range and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae isolates in Iran

Verticillium wilt is an economically important disease which inflicts serious losses in potato, cotton, alfalfa, some vegetable crops and fruit trees and occasionally ornamentals. Verticillium dahliae, infected cultivated species and weeds were collected from several areas in Iran during tewelve years from 1993-2005 and studied for their vegetative compatibility, host range and pathogenecity. T...

Broadbean wilt virus - identification,host range and distribution in the fars province of iran

Rethinking placebo in psychiatry: the range of placebo effects†

The term ‘placebo’ is used in different contexts with different meanings (Box 1). Placebo effects have been a scientific curiosity for years, regarded as deceptive therapies and tainted by associations with quackery and dishonesty. Anthropological studies of the placebo (Thompson 2010) highlight the universality of charms and ritual to produce healing effects in all cultures, suggesting an evol...